2025 Chikungunya Outbreak: A Global Health Challenge

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is simply a mosquito-borne alphavirus causing fever, terrible associated pain, rash, and musculus aches, chiefly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. As of 2025, The chikungunya outbreak centered connected Indian Ocean islands has quickly expanded to 119 countries, including temperate regions for illustration France1,2. Control focuses connected vector management, surveillance, healthcare readiness, and world practice 3,4. Sino Biological supports investigation by providing recombinant CHIKV antigens and antibodies important for vaccine, antiviral, and diagnostic development.

What is Chikungunya?

Chikungunya microorganism is simply a mosquito-borne RNA microorganism belonging to nan alphavirus genus. CHIKV infection leads to chikungunya fever. The infection is chiefly transmitted to humans via nan bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedesaegypti and Aedesalbopictus 5,6. Its symptoms see abrupt precocious fever, terrible associated pain, musculus aches, rash, and headache. While nan illness is seldom fatal, it tin beryllium earnestly debilitating, particularly for nan elderly, infants, and those pinch underlying conditions. There is presently nary circumstantial antiviral curen for chikungunya 3,7,8.

Figure 1. Transmission rhythm of nan Chikungunya microorganism betwixt humans and mosquitoes. The microorganism is chiefly dispersed by Aedes (Stegomyia) type mosquitoes, chiefly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Infected mosquitoes transmit nan microorganism to humans done bites, and infected humans tin subsequently infect caller mosquitoes, sustaining nan transmission rhythm 8. Image Credit: https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/php/transmission/index.html

Geographical dispersed and 2025 outbreak epicenters

Up to now, nan chikungunya outbreak has dramatically expanded to much than 110 countries, putting astir 5.6 cardinal group astatine risk. Since nan opening of 2025, Reunion, Mayotte, and Mauritius person each reported awesome chikungunya outbreaks 5,6,8. Notably, nan microorganism has reached temperate regions earlier than before, pinch locally acquired cases reported successful mainland France’s Grand Est and southeastern areas 8,9. This surge is driven by aggregate factors, including expanded Aedes mosquito habitats owed to ambiance change, accrued urbanization, and world recreation facilitating microorganism spread, populations pinch debased immunity aft years without outbreaks, and challenges successful early discovery caused by inconsistent surveillance and constricted diagnostic resources 2,4.

Current curen and vaccine options for chikungunya virus

As of 2025, nary circumstantial antiviral treatments for nan chikungunya microorganism exist; attraction is supportive, focusing connected denotation relief. Vaccine advancement includes 2 approved options successful immoderate countries: nan live-attenuated IXCHIQ vaccine for adults (with restrictions for nan elderly) and nan single-dose virus-like particle vaccine VIMKUNYA for ages 12 and up 8. Neither vaccine is yet wide disposable globally aliases successful China. Control relies chiefly connected mosquito management, early detection, and nationalist awareness.

Sino Biological’s domiciled successful supporting chikungunya microorganism research

To reside nan ongoing CHIKV mutant outbreak, Sino Biological swiftly initiated nan improvement ofrecombinant E1 and E2 proteins (UVE/CHIKV/2024/RE/CNR_79903)along pinch circumstantial antibodies, providing important support to researchers moving connected vaccine development, antiviral therapies, and immunodiagnostic assay creation. Sino Biological offers cardinal devices specified arsenic nan recombinant CHIKV E2 glycoprotein, cDNA clones, and specialized antibodies for ELISA and LFA, each produced nether strict value controls to guarantee reliability.

Applications of Sino Biological’s products successful research

Sino Biological’s products are often cited successful reputable journals. Liu T. and Gu D. utilized recombinant CHIKV E2 macromolecule (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) successful an aptamer-based TRFIA assay to study nan binding affinity and specificity of caller peptides to CHIKV E2 antigens (Figure 2) 10.Tamburini B. et al. investigated viral antigen acquisition successful LEC, BEC, and FRC cells successful C57BL/6 mice infected pinch recombinant CHIKV E2 antigen (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) conjugated to AlexaFluor-488. They recovered that some LECs and a subset of FRCs acquired nan CHIKV E2 macromolecule during nan curen model (Figure 3) 11.Lim H. and Kim K. showed that CHIKV EI/II macromolecule aliases N-linked glycan mutant E proteins induced little humoral immune responses than nan full-length E macromolecule utilizing rodent sera successful a recombinant CHIKV E2 macromolecule (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) pre-coated ELISA (Figure 4) 12.Wang T. et al. reported that EILV/CHIKV-vaccinated macaques exhibited stronger neutralization titers and higher CHIKV E2 binding IgG responses successful ELISA coated pinch recombinant CHIKV E2 macromolecule (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) (Figure 5)13.

Figure 2. Detection of serially diluted (0-1000 ng/mL) recombinant CHIKV-E2 (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B), ZIKA-E (Sino Biological, 40543-V08B4), DENV-E (Sino Biological, 40471-V08B) proteins utilizing peptide aptamers B2 and B3 10.

Figure 3. Quantification of nan wave of LEC, BEC, and FRC successful nan popliteal lymph node (pLN) that are affirmative for nan recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD and CHIKV-E2 antigens (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) administered pinch polyI:C and αCD40 astatine indicated clip 11. Image Credit: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10957963

Figure 4. Sera from individual mice were serially diluted, and anti-CHIKV-E2 macromolecule circumstantial full IgG levels were quantified utilizing ELISA pinch recombinant CHIKV E2 macromolecule (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) pre-coated 12. Image Credit: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11511311/

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Figure 5. CHIKV E2 binding IgG responses astatine bespeak clip points by ELISA, pre-coated pinch recombinant CHIKV E2 macromolecule (Sino Biological, 40440-V08B) 13. Image Credit: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11659317/

Featured CHIKV antigens

Featured CHIKV antibodies

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References

1. Zumla, A., Ntoumi, F., Ippolito, G. & Consortium, P. Chikungunya microorganism illness returns to Europe: a turning constituent for nan world arboviral landscape. The Lancet0, (2025).
2. Roiz, D., Boussès, P., Simard, F., Paupy, C. & Fontenille, D. Autochthonous Chikungunya transmission and utmost ambiance events successful Southern France. PLoS Negl Trop Dis9, (2015).
3. Control, E. C. for D. P. and. Chikungunya microorganism illness worldwide overview. Preprint astatine (2025).
4. de Souza, W. M., Lecuit, M. & Weaver, S. C. Chikungunya microorganism and different emerging arthritogenic alphaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol (2025) doi:10.1038/S41579-025-01177-8.
5. World Health Organization raises interest astir dispersed of mosquito-borne Chikungunya microorganism | Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/world-health-organization-raises-concern-about-spread-mosquito-borne-chikungunya-2025-07-22/.
6. Chikungunya epidemiology update - June 2025. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/chikungunya-epidemiology-update-june-2025.
7. What is nan chikungunya virus, really are countries specified arsenic China battling it? | Health News | Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/6/what-is-the-chikungunya-virus-how-are-countries-such-as-china-battling-it.
8. Areas astatine Risk for Chikungunya | Chikungunya Virus | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/data-maps/index.html.
9. Frumence, E. et al. Genomic insights into nan re-emergence of chikungunya microorganism connected Réunion Island, France, 2024 to 2025. Eurosurveillance30, (2025).
10. Liu, T. et al. Peptide aptamer-based time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for CHIKV diagnosis. Virol J20, (2023).
11. Doan, T. A. et al. Immunization-induced antigen archiving enhances section representation CD8+ T compartment responses pursuing an unrelated viral infection. NPJ Vaccines9, (2024).
12. Kim, K. et al. Immunogenicity Analysis of Chikungunya Virus DNA Vaccine Based connected Mutated Putative N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of nan Envelope Protein. Vaccines (Basel)12, (2024).
13. Adam, A. et al. A safe insect-based chikungunya fever vaccine affords accelerated and durable protection successful cynomolgus macaques. NPJ Vaccines9, (2024).