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1 month ago
Background
Ischemic bosom illness is nan starring origin of decease globally, causing astir 9 cardinal deaths annually. Currently, reperfusion therapy (such arsenic thrombolysis aliases interventional procedures) is nan superior method to reconstruct myocardial humor flow. However, nan ensuing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion wounded (MIRI) has go a cardinal situation limiting therapeutic efficacy. MIRI involves aggregate pathological mechanisms including inflammatory burst, oxidative stress, calcium overload, and ferroptosis. Traditional narcotics struggle to efficaciously intervene owed to mediocre targeting and debased bioavailability. In caller years, nanomaterials person emerged arsenic a promising strategy to reside this situation owed to their unsocial size effects, functionable surfaces, and bully biocompatibility.
This article delves into nan latest advances successful nanomaterial-based involution strategies for MIRI from 3 halfway dimensions! First, it systematically outlines nan cardinal pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MIRI. Then, it critically evaluates nan unsocial advantages of various nanomaterials and their emerging applications successful MIRI management. Finally, nan article discusses existent translational challenges and proposes clinically-oriented improvement strategies to span nan spread betwixt nan laboratory and nan bedside.
Review highlights
The reappraisal systematically categorizes and evaluates various nanomaterial level — including biomimetic, inorganic, hydrogel, micellar, lipid-based, and polymeric systems — that are designed to flooded nan limitations of accepted drugs, specified arsenic mediocre bioavailability and off-target effects.
Key advances include:
- Biomimetic nanomaterials coated pinch compartment membranes (e.g., from macrophages, neutrophils, aliases platelets) that mimic earthy cells to heighten targeting and immune evasion.
- Inorganic nanozymes pinch enzyme-like activity that scavenge harmful reactive oxygen type (ROS) and trim oxidative stress.
- Hydrogel-based systems that supply mechanical support and controlled merchandise of therapeutic agents straight to nan injured bosom tissue.
- Stimuli-responsive micelles and lipid nanoparticles that amended supplier solubility and alteration targeted transportation nether pathological conditions.
These nanoplatforms person demonstrated important cardioprotective effects successful preclinical models, reducing infarct size by up to 50% and improving functional betterment — acold surpassing the efficacy of existent modular therapies.
Significance and outlook
This reappraisal provides multi-dimensional, multi-mechanism nanomaterial strategies for nan precise curen of MIRI, importantly improving supplier enrichment ratio successful nan ischemic area and reducing systemic toxicity, showing sizeable objective translator prospects. Future activity needs to further optimize worldly biosafety, scale-up mentation processes, and validate their semipermanent efficacy and compatibility successful ample animal models and preclinical studies.
Source:
Journal reference:
Wang, H., et al. (2025). Advanced nanomaterial platforms for targeted therapy of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Research. doi.org/10.34133/research.0822
English (US) · 
Indonesian (ID) ·